Authors retain the copyright of their work, and grant this journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a <a id="menurqt" class="fui-Link ___1q1shib f2hkw1w f3rmtva f1ewtqcl fyind8e f1k6fduh f1w7gpdv fk6fouc fjoy568 figsok6 f1s184ao f1mk8lai fnbmjn9 f1o700av f13mvf36 f1cmlufx f9n3di6 f1ids18y f1tx3yz7 f1deo86v f1eh06m1 f1iescvh fhgqx19 f1olyrje f1p93eir f1nev41a f1h8hb77 f1lqvz6u f10aw75t fsle3fq f17ae5zn" title="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" aria-label="Link Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License (CC BY-SA 4.0)">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License (CC BY-SA 4.0), that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
A Study on Patient Awareness Regarding Radiation Risks Associated with Chest X-Rays
Chest X-rays are a common diagnostic test; however, patient education about the associated radiation risks is minimal, especially in poorly developed nations such as Bangladesh. This study aimed to assess the level of awareness of radiation exposure from chest X-rays in patients and how demographic and experiential factors influence their perceptions. A descriptive cross-sectional survey of 110 adult patients from five private medical centers in Dhaka was conducted from November 2024 to April 2025. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and face-to-face interviews. The majority of the participants (98.2%) had already had a chest radiograph, yet only 43.6% were told about the risks of radiation. Almost half (46.4%) were unconcerned about radiation, whereas 76.4% thought it might be harmful, mostly relating it to cancer and genetic damage. The Internet (47.3%) and medical professionals (30.9%) were the most important sources of information. Educational attainment and previous imaging experience affected awareness. Of note, 81.8% liked more information, and 93.6% preferred educational materials. Despite the extensive use of chest X-rays, awareness remains uneven, and many patients depend on nonprofessional sources. Education gaps were especially evident in individuals with lower levels of formal education. Enhancement of patient education by providing accessible resources and clear communication by medical practitioners is necessary to enhance informed decision making and limit inappropriate radiation exposure.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nafisa Tasnim Neha, Momtaheena Chowdhury, Md. Abu Obayda; Md. Abul Fayez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Indication Based MR Imaging: Impact on Diagnosis and Patient Management
Indication-based MRI is essential to maximizing diagnostic yield and enabling expedited patient management in an evidence-driven fashion according to presenting symptoms. This is a series of five challenging cases in which conventional MRI protocols did not reveal underlying disease, and evidence-based patient history- and symptom-directed targeted sequences were employed as a requisite modification. Through the use of specialized sequences—like Trufi sequences in renal obstruction, 3D STIR for nerve compression, and high-resolution optic nerve imaging—clinically significant diagnoses were resolved, culminating in appropriate treatment and better outcomes. In one instance, a patient with intractable swelling and urinary retention presented with no findings on normal cervical MRI, but whole-spine Trufi sequence demonstrated hydroureteronephrosis, directing emergent intervention. Another example showed how 3D STIR imaging revealed lumbar plexus compression not visible on routine lumbar MRI, in accordance with the patient’s radicular pain. Likewise, the inclusion of the sacroiliac joints in a patient with normal lumbar findings showed sacroiliitis, and optic nerve sequences revealed inflammation in a patient presenting with visual symptoms. CSF leaks postoperatively were also localized correctly using high-field 3D STIR thin sequences, enabling early surgical repair. These cases demonstrate the limitations of routine imaging when clinical syndromes imply more diffuse or insidious pathologies. Indication-based MRI not only avoids unnecessary repeat scans—patient and cost savings—but also increases confidence in diagnosis, enabling early and effective treatment. For clinicians, it provides clarity in challenging cases, and hospitals gain from improved resource allocation. Finally, this strategy highlights the need for personalized imaging protocols that address the specific requirements of each patient, with improved diagnostic precision and therapeutic results. By making symptom-guided MRI adaptations a priority, healthcare organizations can provide more tailored and effective care.
specialized MRI sequences (e.g., Trufi, 3D STIR)
Copyright (c) 2025 Md. Mustafizur Rahman, Tausiful Haque, Md. Abu Obayda, Nafisa Tasnim Neha http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Effect of Green Gedi Leaves Ethanol Extract (Abelmoschus Manihot) Towards TNF-Alpha Levels, Amount Foam Cells, Aorta Wall Thickness and Lee Index in Male Wistar Rats Induced by High-Fat Diet
CHD is a chronic disease of narrowing of the heart’s blood vessels due to atherosclerosis. The cause of atherosclerosis is by consuming a high-fat diet (HFD) for a long period of time will triggers inflammatory processes and oxidative stress. Green gedi leaves (Abelmoschus manihot) have the potential to inhibit this process because consist of rich antioxidants in the form of flavonoids, tannins, etc. This study aims to prove the effect of ethanol extract of green gedi leaves toward TNF-α levels, foam cells, aortic wall thickness and Lee index. This is an experimental study posttest control group design. 18 male Wistar white rats (Rattus novergicus) aged 2–3 months were induced by an initial adrenalin injection of 0.006 mg/ 200 gr of rat weight and HFD consisted of diet 594, pork fat and duck egg yolk. Samples were divided into 3 groups: the normal group (KN) with a standard diet, the negative control group (P0) WITH adrenaline injection and HFD, and the treatment group (P1) with adrenaline injection, HFD and ethanol extract of green gedi leaves 200 mg/kg body weight. After 21 days the body weight and naso-anal length of the rats were measured, blood sample was taken for TNF-α level results. And abdominal aorta tissue was fixed and stained using Hematoxylin Eosin to count the amount of foam cells and aortic thickness. From One Way Anova parametric test showed that the P1 group had a lower mean of TNF-α level 77.82 ± 0.96 pg/mL compared to the P0 group 264.26 ± 0.46 pg/mL and KN group 189.14 ± 0.96 with (p < 0.001). From the statistical results of the Mann-Whitney test, there are no significant differences for the amount of foam cells P1 groups mean 3.17 ± 2.13 /PVF (p = 0.557), groups KN 3.33 ± 3.26 /PVF and P0 group 3.5 ± 3.5 /LPF. P aortic wall thickness P1 group mean was 79.45 ± 7.61 μm lower than the P0 group 99.83 ± 14.04 (p = 0.04) and KN group 79.76 ± 6.71 μm. Index Lee KN group mean 0.27 ± 0.01 gr/mm and P1 group 0.29 ± 0.01 gr/mm and P1 group 0.28 ± 0.01 gr/mm. Extract ethanol green gedi leaves with dossage 200 mg/rat body wight can decreased TNF-α level, aorta thickness and index Lee towards rats induced by high fat diet.
Copyright (c) 2024 Lisye Marrilyn Lukas, Ni Made Linawati, I Wayan Sumardika, Ida Ayu Alit Widhiartini, I Wayan Weta, Luh Putu Iin Indrayani Maker http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Triumph or Just Victory? Current Status of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors across Heart Failure Spectrum
In this review, I comment on the recently published review which focuses on sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 Inhibitor (SGLT2i) across the heart failure spectrum with chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Furthermore, it examines the usefulness of SGLT2i in various cardiac diseases such as acute heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, and arrhythmia (sudden cardiac death). This is promising for HFpEF, which has no available effective drugs to date. Many of the studies reported significantly superior primary and secondary endpoints in the SGLT2i group compared with the control group. SGLT2i is indicated for HFrEF and HFpEF as a class 1A recommendation, regardless of the presence of diabetes mellitus or left ventricular ejection fraction. Its effect on cardiovascular outcomes can be viewed as a victory in cardiac disease treatment. However, evidence supporting its use in elderly patients with chronic heart failure, who typically have reduced multiorgan reserves, remains scarce. SGLT2i may achieve a true “triumph” if it demonstrates benefit and safety that outweigh potential harm even in elderly patients with frailty, multimorbidity, and polypharmacy.
Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor
Copyright (c) 2024 Shigenori Ito http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Bioinformatics Techniques for Developing Molecular Detection Methods for the HIV-1 Gag Gene
The HIV-1 Gag gene, which plays an essential role in HIV replication, can be detected accurately using qRT-PCR. The quality of qRTPCR analysis is determined by the primers and probes used for DNA amplification. This research aims to use bioinformatics techniques to design primer pair sequences and qRT-PCR probes for HIV detection using the HIV-1 Gag gene. HIV-1 Gag gene sequences were obtained from HIV-1 isolates and serotypes, downloaded from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) GenPeptd nucleotide database. Sequences were then examined using the ClustalW algorithm of the Bioedit sequence alignment editor version 7.2.5.0. through gene alignment using multiple sequence alignment (MSA) with conserved regions. The primer pair sequences of the Gag-HIV 1 gene were obtained, namely, forward 5'-CAGTACAATGTGCTTCCACAGGG-3 and reverse 3'-CGGGATAGAGATTCAGTCTAGG-5' with the probe sequence 5'-GGATCACCAGCAATATTTCAGGGAACG-3'. The primer sequence has a length of 23 bases (forward), 22 bases (reverse), GC content of 52% (reverse), 50% (forward), and the same forward and reverse melting temperature (Tm) of 66°C. The probe sequence is 27 bases long, with a GC content of 48% and a Tm of 67.3°C. No hairpin loops and dimers were formed in the primer pair or probe, and the gag gene had 100% homology with HIV-1. It was concluded that the primer and probe pair sequences met the requirements and could be used to amplify the HIV-1 Gag gene using qRT-PCR.
Copyright (c) 2024 Asryadin Asryadin, Nilasari Indah Yuniati, Nur Aini Hidayah Khasanah, Adhi Aqwam, Rizka Khairunnisa, Hetti Koes Endang, Jumratul Nurhidayah, Daniel Djoko Wahyono, Alice Yuniaty http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Correlation Between SARS-CoV-2 Positive Cases Admitted to a Tertiary Care Hospital in Greece and S-gene Mutations
The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is the cause of the COVID-19 pandemic which rapidly spread worldwide in early 2020. The severity of symptoms of COVID-19 disease, especially among the elderly and high-risk population groups, as well as the complications of the disease, forced the immediate implementation of preventive and protection measures. Moreover, vaccination programs were focused on cooping the virus transmission and spread of the virus in the general population, as well as on the immunization of the community against COVID-19 infection. The circulation of SARS-CoV-2 globally still appears and, as reported to FluNet, was around 10% by the end of February 2024, while the number of new cases and the number of new deaths have decreased. From December 2019, when the first outbreak of the virus was detected in Wuhan, China, until now, SARS-CoV-2 has undergone numerous mutations that have had a major impact on its pathogenesis during the COVID-19 pandemic. Among the SARS-CoV-2 variants and mutations, some are geographically identified, such as D614G, B.1.1.7 in the United Kingdom, B.1.1.28 in Brazil, CAL.20C in Southern California, B.1.351 in South Africa, while B.1.617 and B.1.1.529 have been reported worldwide. The main reason for the identification of SARS-CoV-2 variants and mutations is to investigate any correlation between new mutations and their impact on vaccine efficacy, despite the reported high vaccination rates of the vaccines that were implemented worldwide. The aim of this study is to investigate the correlations between SARS-CoV-2 S-gene target mutations with demographic characteristics, vaccination, hospitalization, and history of previous COVID-19 disease, in patients that were admitted to “Agios Panteleimon” General Hospital of Nikea, Piraeus, Greece, between August 2023 and January 2024.
Copyright (c) 2024 Antonia Mourtzikou, Marilena Stamouli, Elpida Toka, Georgia Kalliora, Christina Seitopoulou, Ioanna Petraki, Charitini Gotsi, Maria Kimouli http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Sero-Detection of HEV in Cancer Patients and Healthcare Workers, Sudan
Background: Sudan, as a developing country, suffers from most of the risk factors related to the transmission of the hepatitis E virus (HEV). Objective: This study aimed to determine the sero-frequency of HEV in cancer patients and healthcare workers and its associated risk factors. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was followed, recruited populations were 120 cancer patients and 120 healthcare workers. Sociodemographic data and risk factors of the study subject were collected using a questionnaire and patient records. HEV-specific anti-HEV IgM and IgG antibodies screened by a competitive ELISA technique. A Chi-square test was determined for the association between HEV IgG sero-positivity andsubject information. Results: The percentage of cancer patients positive for anti-HEV IgG and IgM antibodies was 50% (60/120) and 6.7% (8/120) while for the healthcare workers group was 25.8% (31/120) and 4.2% (5/120) respectively. The most documented risk factors for HEV among cancer patients were consumption of raw meat 94.2% (113/120), contact with animals 88.3% (106/120), and history of blood transfusion 81.7% (98/120) while raw meat consumption was commonly found in 94.2% (113/120) of healthcare workers group. A significant association was observed between IgG sero-positive healthcare workers and consumption of raw meat (p-value = 0.005). Conclusion: The HEV sero-positivity was found at a high rate in both study groups, which requires further studies on its prevalence, epidemiology, and prevention.
Copyright (c) 2024 Yousif Elnour Elsharif, Bakri Yousif Mohamed Nour, Khidir Osman Alfaki, Samah Abdelrahim Elawad, Ahmed Alsiddiq Ebraheem, Nassir Abakar, Elhadi Abdalla Ahmed http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Acquisition and Analysis of Cardio Graphic Signal Using Various Transforms
In the modern days, cardiac problems among various age group people have increased by a large ratio. Electro cardiograph is widely used to monitor the electrical activities of the heart. With the help of ECG, we can able to easily detect and classify the irregular activities of the heart. Hence in this study, we have acquired ECG signals from ten different subjects of various age groups using the BIOPAC system. All the acquired ECG signals are pre-processed using the infinite impulse response bandpass filter. Then the most vital R wave is detected by using the peak detection method present in-built in the BIOPAC system. This R wave detection plays a very vital role in diagnosing heart rhythm irregularities, calculating the heart rate variability, recognizing the heart rate variability, and measuring the heart rate. The pre-processed ECG signal is processed using highly advanced windowing techniques to extract the power spectrum and frequency-based values of the ECG signal. The results of the Fourier transform and spectral density of the processed ECG signals are displayed in this study. The features extracted from ECG signals acquired from ten different subjects have been tabulated in this study.
Copyright (c) 2024 Raja Gowtham, Navametha Ramkumar, Ramalingam Chandrasekaran, Babu Harendharan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Cytomorphological Analysis of Liquid PRF Produced with DUO Fixed Angle Centrifuge (Process, France)
Background: Liquid PRF is a second-generation injectable platelet concentrate rich in platelets, leukocytes, and fibrinogen obtained by centrifugation of autologous blood. Methods: This study aims to analyze the cellular and Fibrinogen content of various types of Liquid PRF (C-PRF liquid, A-PRF liquid, i-PRF, Liquid Fibrinogen) obtained with the use of DUO Fixed Angle Centrifuge (PRF DUO, Process for PRF, Nice, France) with Vacumed FL tubes (code 44909) and/or original S-PRF Sticky tube. An average accumulation of thrombocytes of almost 1.5 times compared to whole blood was found. Due to the high concentration of platelets, PRF-Liquids contain important growth factors for tissue regeneration. Results: In this preliminary study, we have shown that the type of Liquid PRF with a higher content of Platelets (126.3% vs. 109.5%), Monocytes (127.6% vs. 84.6%), with a sufficient content of Lymphocytes (192.9% vs. 242.1%) and Neutrophilic Granulocytes (64.6% vs. 64.8%) and Fibrinogen (67.9% vs. 87.3%), is the i-PRF (700 rpm x 5') obtained with Vacumed FL tube (code 44909) with statistically insignificant differences compared to whole blood, while the content of Lymphocytes and Fibrinogen present in i-PRF (700 rpm x 5') obtained with PRF-S-Sticky tube is higher. In comparison, the content of cells and Fibrinogen obtained with the two methods of preparing PRP is much lower. Conclusions: This indicates that the liquid PRF is more suitable to be used in various cases of tissue regeneration such as facial aesthetics, intra-articular injection, peri-ulcerative injection, etc., is the i-PRF (700 rpm x 5') obtained with a Vacumed FL tube.
Copyright (c) 2024 Michela Crisci, Giovanni Lepore, Federica Feleppa, Alessandro Crisci, Fabiana Flagiello http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Addition of Astaxanthin 0.5% in Sunscreen SPF 50 Inhibits the Increase of Sunburn Cells in Rats Induced By Ultraviolet Light B
Long-term exposure to ultraviolet light can cause chronic inflammation that can damage collagen and increase sunburn cells known as photoaging. There is a prevalence of up to 69% in female students in Jakarta aged 18–21 years who experience aging of the skin due to not using sunscreen. One of the signs of photoaging measured in this study is sunburn cells. This study wants to prove that the addition of astaxanthin 0.5% contained in SPF 50 sunscreen can inhibit the increase in sunburn cells in mice induced by ultraviolet B-light. Sunscreen also has protection limits, for example, SPF 30 has 97% protection, which means there is still 3% of radiation entering the skin so there is still a small portion that can cause free radicals. Additional ingredients are needed so that sunscreen can optimally protect the skin. An experimental study with a post-test-only design was used in this study comparing rats given SPF 50 sunscreen containing no astaxanthin (P1) and rats given SPF 50 sunscreen containing 0.5% astaxanthin (P2) to assess the inhibition of increased sunburn cells. 36 rats (Rattus Norvegicus) were divided into 2 groups and then shaved and exposed to UVB light with a total of 3100 mJ for 5 weeks. After the last exposure in the fifth week, skin tissue was taken fixed and stained using Hematoxylin Eosin to count sunburn cells. Sunburn Cells in group P1 had a value of 0.47 Å} 0.27 cells per high power field (hpf), and group P2 had a value of 0.16 Å} 0.18 cells per hpf. According to the Mann-Whitney test, there is a significant difference in the number of sunburn cells between groups (p < 0.05). From the results of this study, it can be concluded that astaxanthin 0.5% added to SPF 50 sunscreen products can inhibit the increase in sunburn cells.
Copyright (c) 2024 Wilianto, Ni Made Linawati, Wimpie Pangkahila, Putu Ayu Asri Damayanti, I. Gusti Made Gde Surya Candra Trapika, Ni Wayan Winarti http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The pathogenesis of Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) involves several mechanisms, that include the disorders of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance. That condition makes PCOS have a great impact on long-term health problems such as cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, and diabetes. What is the potential for increased diabetic in a PCOS model mouse? This study aims to determine the potential for diabetes cases in PCOS patients through observations in PCOS model mice. Research method: using Postest Only Control Group Design method. Samples included 24 female, 3 months aged rats Rattus norvegicus strain Wistar and weighing around 100–130 grams. After observing the estrous cycle, 16 rats were randomly selected to make a model PCOS with letrozol induction 1 mg/kg BW/day orally in combination with a high-fat high-fructose diet. The treatments were given for 18, 21, 24 and 27 days. Furthermore, after fasting for 12 hours, fasting sugar levels and insulin levels were measured using the ELISA method. The results were analyzed by One Way Anova test with a significance level of α = 0.05. Data analysis was conducted with the SPSS program version 24.0 for Windows. Results: There was no significant difference in fasting insulin levels between the control group and the PCOS group (p > 0.05), but fasting blood sugar levels increased significantly (p < 0.05). Conclusion: There was an increase in the diabetic potency of PCOS mice-induced by the combination of testosterone propionate and a high-fat, high-fructose diet even when insulin levels are not significantly increased.
Copyright (c) 2023 Fitria Nurul Hidayah, Alfaina Wahyuni, Ana Majdawati http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Vaccination Rate for COVID-19 in a Primary Healthcare Center in Greece
The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has been the contributing factor to the COVID-19 disease pandemic, since early 2020. It first appeared in December 2019 and since then rapidly spread worldwide. The severe symptoms of COVID-19 disease, especially in the population groups with higher risk of infection or disease complications, along with the increased mortality rates determined the need for adequate protection and prevention measures to be taken. From the beginning of the pandemic, efforts have been made to develop and produce vaccines that could stop the spread of the disease. The vaccination in most countries was performed in phases, with priority to population groups with a higher risk of infection or disease complications, such as the elderly and patients with chronic diseases, and to population groups with a high risk of professional exposure. This study presented data from the vaccination program, implemented at a primary healthcare center in Greece, that served as a vaccination center during the pandemic. Relying on the results, both the attendance rate and the vaccination rate were very high, which proves that the necessity of the vaccine is well established and that vaccination hesitancy is mitigated among the population served at the Nikea Health Center.
Copyright (c) 2023 Marilena Stamouli, Christina Seitopoulou, Georgia Kalliora, Nikoletta Renesi, Antonia Mourtzikou http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Amplification of Sars-Cov2 Viral Markers in Côte d’Ivoire
The COVID-19 pandemic is causing millions of deaths worldwide. In West Africa, particularly in Côte d’Ivoire, many cases of illness and death have also been reported. The country has applied the diagnostic method recommended by the World Health Organization based on the detection of the genetic material of the SARS-CoV2 virus using RT-qPCR, which requires native or recombinant positive controls to validate the diagnostics. Recombinant plasmids are used for in vitro amplification in E. coli strains. This study aims to propose a bank of recombinant viral genomes for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2. A total of fifty (50) positive nasopharyngeal samples have been collected during the pandemic from 2020 to 2022. ARN viral extraction was applied, and the viral targets of Envelope, Membrane, Nucleoprotein, and Glycoprotein Spike were amplified using RT-qPCR methods. The PCR products were cloned to obtain recombinant plasmids. Our results show positive amplification of the three genes E, M, and N detected with positive rates of 50%, 40%, and 36%. A partial 995 bp fragment of the S gene was amplified at a low rate. Recombinant plasmids of SARS-CoV-2 were obtained, 50, 40, and 13 for the E gene, M gene, and N gene respectively. The recombinant plasmids were detected positive by conventional PCR and real-time PCR of SARSCoV-2. The nucleotide sequence of recombinant plasmids shows sequences homologies of 95% to 100% with the Wuhan reference strain for all three genes. This study has provided reliable recombinant plasmids for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 in Côte d’Ivoire and offers the way for future studies to diagnostics tools.
Copyright (c) 2023 Aboubacar Sylla, Solange Kakou-Ngazoa, Brice K. Bla, Tata G. S. Coulibaly, Zeinab Ouattara, Yakoura K. Ouattara, Audrey A.Y. Addablah, Mireille S. Kouamé-Sina, Venance-Luc Kouakou, David N. Coulibaly, Mireille Dosso http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Administration of 2% Plum (Prunus domestica L.) Extract Cream Inhibited the Increase of Tyrosinase Enzyme Expression and the Amount of Skin Melanin in Male Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus) Skin Exposed to UV B Light
Medical science has progressed a lot and Anti Aging Medicine (AAM) is one of the sciences in the medical world that brings a new paradigm. Hyperpigmentation is one of the most common skin problems caused by excessive pigment melanin production. Plums are nutrient-rich and can be eaten raw, dried, or processed. This research aimed to evaluate the administration of 2% plum extract in inhibiting the increase of tyrosinase enzyme expression and the amount of skin melanin in male guinea pigs’ skin exposed to UV B light. This was a randomized post-test-only control group design using 30 male guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus), aged 12-16 weeks, weight 300-350 grams, and divided into three groups, the control group did not get any cream, treatment group 1 received cream base, and treatment group 2 got 2% plum extract cream. Creams were applied daily 0.1 mg/cm2 at 09.40 and 14.00 WITA. All guinea pigs received UV-B irradiation, three times a week with a total dose of 390 mJ/cm2. Tyrosinase enzyme expression was examined by calculating the percentage of cells expressing the enzyme using immunohistochemical methods. On the other hand, the amount of melanin was obtained by calculating the melanin percentage that appeared on histopathological preparations using Masson-Fontana staining. The data obtained were analyzed using the One-way ANOVA test with a significance value of p<0.05. The expression of the tyrosinase enzyme in the control group and group with base cream was not significantly different (22.75 ± 5.50% vs. 21.30 ± 6.50%, p = 0.601). Similarly, the mean amount of melanin (4.42 ± 1.57% vs 4.27 ± 1.63%, p = 0.775). On the other hand, the results of the mean tyrosinase expression and the mean amount of melanin in the group receiving 2% plum extract were significantly lower than the treatment group receiving base cream (7.06 ± 5.18% vs 21.30 ± 6.50% and 0.42 ± 0.19% vs. 4.27 ± 1.63%) with p-value < 0.000. It can be concluded that the administration of 2% plum (Prunus domestica L.) extract cream inhibited the increase in the expression of the tyrosinase enzyme and the amount of melanin in the skin of male guinea pigs (C. porcellus) exposed to UVB light.
Copyright (c) 2023 Mila Damayanti Wahyuningsih, Wimpie Pangkahila, Ni Wayan Winarti http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Sequencing the SARS-CoV-2 Genome from Stool Samples of Post-acute Cases Implicates a Novel Mutation Associated with Reduced Antibody Neutralization
Whole-genome SARS-CoV-2 sequencing tools are crucial for tracking the COVID-19 pandemic. However, current techniques require sampling of actively infectious patients following COVID-19 testing to recover enough SARS-CoV-2 RNA from the nasopharyngeal passage, which rapidly clears during the first few weeks of infection. A prospective assessment of the viral genome sourced from recovered non-infectious patients would greatly facilitate epidemiological tracking. Thus, we developed a protocol to isolate and sequence the genome of SARS-CoV-2 from stool samples of post-acute SARS-CoV-2 patients, at timepoints ranging from 10-120 days after onset of symptoms. Stool samples were collected from patients at varying timepoints post-convalescence, and viral DNA was isolated and sequenced using the QIAamp Viral RNA Mini Kit (Qiagen Inc.) and Ion Ampliseq™ Library Kit Plus (Life Technologies Corporation). Capacity of neutralizing antibodies in patient plasma was tested using a Luminex panel (Coronavirus Ig Total Human 11-Plex ProcartaPlex™ Panel, ThermoFisher). Of 64 samples obtained from post-acute patients, 21 (32.8%) yielded sufficient material for whole-genome sequencing. This allowed us to identify widely divergent phylogenetic relativity of the SARS-CoV-2 genome from post-acute patients living in the same households and infected around the same time. Additionally, we observed that individuals who recovered from infection expressed varying degrees of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins that corresponded to distinct variants. Interestingly, we identified a novel point mutation in the viral genome where infected patients expressed antibodies with a significantly reduced capacity to neutralize the virus in vitro relative to that of those infected with the wild-type strain. Altogether, we demonstrate a protocol to successfully sequence the SARS-CoV-2 genome from stool samples from patients up to 4 months post-infection, which can be applied to studies that assess the relationship between variants and immune response post-hoc and safe monitoring of the SARS-CoV-2 genome during the pandemic.
Copyright (c) 2023 Natalya Panova, Nina P. Allan, Noelle C. Rubas, Rosa H. Lee, Braden P. Kunihiro, Lesley Umeda, Rafael Peres, Ruben Juarez, Alika K. Maunakea http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Seasonal Respiratory Virus Circulation in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Greece
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus affected health care systems and public health worldwide dramatically. Several measures were applied in order to prevent or stop the rapid transmission of the virus and the subsequent disease, such as lockdowns, physical distancing, strictly hygiene, along with travel restrictions. Global population after vaccination programs against COVID-19 were carried out, is facing a “tripledemic” situation threat, with the co-existance of SARS-CoV-2, influenza and RSV. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the co-existence of SARS-CoV-2, influenza and RSV, as well as the correlation with gender, age, Cts and vaccination doses. Methods: A total of 302 patients were included in the study. All patients were admitted to the emergency department of General Hospital Nikea, Piraeus with common upper respiratory tract symptoms and were suspected for COVID-19 disease, between March to July 2022. Patients’ age, gender, vaccination doses, and results from RT-PCR detection for SARS-CoV-2, RSV and Influenza viruses were recorded. Results: 139 were male and 163 female, aged between 18-94 years. Out of the patients included in the study, 206 were vaccinated and 96 were not vaccinated. Among vaccinated patients 97 were male and 109 were female. A percentage of 3.3% had received one vaccination dose, 16.9% two and 47.7% three. Moreover, 88 patients presented infection symptoms; 81 patients had a positive rapid test result. We detected 15 cases of co-infection of SaRS-CoV-2 and RSV and only one case, of co-infection of SaRS-CoV-2 with influenza virus. Conclusions: The majority of patients admitted to the emergency department of GHNP with common upper respiratory tract clinical manifestations were female. A significantly lower rate of co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and RSV was detected in patients having received 2 vaccination doses, compared to patients having received 3 out of 3 vaccination doses or up to 1 vaccination dose. Ct values for SARS-CoV-2 and RSV pathogens were between 10-17. Co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza was detected in only 1 patient.
Copyright (c) 2023 Antonia Mourtzikou, Marilena Stamouli, Elpida Toka, Panagiotis Koumpouros, Georgia Kalliora, Christina Seitopoulou, Maria Kimouli http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Burdock Root (Arctium lappa) Reduces Steatosis and Serum Malondialdehyde in Wistar Rats Fed with Used Cooking Oil
Utilization of used cooking oil may cause fat accumulation in the body leading to exceeding metabolic capacity of the liver and lipid peroxidation, subsequently triggering oxidative stress that will lead to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Burdock root (Arctium lappa) have hypolipidemic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aims to determine the effects of Burdock root to reduce steatosis and malondialdehyde (MDA) plasma levels in male Wistar rats fed with used cooking oil. This study used a post-test only control group design. Thirty healthy male Wistar rats were randomized into three groups. All groups were given 0,42 mL of used cooking oil. Fifteen minutes after, the intervention group 0 (P0) was given 1 mL of distilled water 1x/day. The intervention group 1 (P1) was given 100 mg/kg BW of burdock roots ethanolic extract diluted in 1 mL of distilled water 1x/day. The intervention group 2 (P2) was given 200 mg/kg BW of burdock roots ethanolic extract diluted in 1 ml of distilled water 1x/day. After 28 days, histopathological examination of the liver tissue to measure steatosis and peripheral blood taken to measure serum MDA levels and compared between groups. The results showed that the average steatosis in the P0 group was significantly higher than the P1 group (15.51±3.22% vs. 8.92±1.49%, respectively; p = 0.00). Similar results between the P1 group were also significantly higher compared to the P2 group (5.18±1.31%; p = 0.002). The mean serum MDA level revealed a significantly higher results among the P0 group compared to P1 group as well as P1 group compared to P2 group (12.58±1.92 nmol/mL vs. 9.76±0.47 nmol/mL, respectively; p=0.011 and (9.76±0.47 nmol/mL vs. 8.69±0.33 nmol/mL, respectively; p=0.011). The conclusions of this study were that burdock roots could reduce steatosis and serum MDA in male Wistar rats that were given used cooking oil.
Copyright (c) 2023 Jessica Jessica, I Made Winarsa Ruma, I Gusti Ayu Widianti http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Administration of Cordyceps Militaris Inhibited the Decrease of Leydig Cell Number and Testosterone Level in Male Wistar Rats (Rattus Norvegicus) Exposed with Cigarette Smoke
Large amounts of free radicals generate oxidative stress resulting in cell damage. Cigarettes are a source of exogenous free radicals containing various toxic substances. Cigarettes exposure decreased Leydig cells and testosterone. Cordyceps militaris has strong antioxidant effect that can counteract the effects of free radicals. This research was aimed to evaluate the administration of Cordyceps militaris in inhibiting the decrease in Leydig cell count and testosterone levels in male wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to cigarette smoke. This study was a true experimental study with a post-test only control group design, using 30 male wistar rats which were randomly divided into three groups: control (P0) given aquadest, treated with Cordyceps militaris extract 50 mg/kgBW rats (P1), and 200 mg/kgBW rats (P2). All groups were exposed to cigarette smoke for 30 days. Examination of testosterone and the amount of testicular Leydig cells were examined on the 31st day. The results showed that the mean amount of Leydig cells at P0 was 16.10±3.14/HPF, P1 was 18.87±1.76/HPF, and P2 was 30.34±0.72/HPF (p<0.001). The mean values of P0 testosterone were 4.02±0.11 nmol/ml, P1 was 4.31±0.11 nmol/ml, and P2 was 9.43±0.17 nmol/ml (p<0.001). In conclusion, administration of Cordyceps militaris inhibited the decrease in Leydig cell count and testosterone levels in male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to cigarette smoke.
Copyright (c) 2023 Andi Salim, Wimpie I. Pangkahila, Ni Putu Sriwidyani http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
IL-10 A/G rs1800896 and TNF-α G308A rs1800629 Polymorphisms and Their Relationship with the Risk of Implant Loss in Adult Patients from Argentina
Introduction: the results of treatment in implantology have been evaluated mainly as implant survival rates in small groups of patients selected from specialized clinical or university settings. There is evidence to support polymorphisms that could be linked to some biological complications in implantology. The results may vary according to the origin or ethnic mixtures of the population studied. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between the polymorphisms IL-10 A/G rs1800896 and TNF-α G308A rs1800629308 and the loss of dental implants and periodontal disease. Material and method: 140 patients were selected, 10 with implant losses within a maximum period of 6 months of their placement. Each patient voluntarily consented to participate in the study (approved by CIEIS Adult Hospital Córdoba) Filiatory and clinical data were collected in a clinical history. Samples of clinically healthy oral mucosa were obtained and genotyped by PCR and RFPL. Results: The population consisted of male and female individuals in similar proportions (p=0.6121). The average age was 53.06±16.22 years, and an age variation range of 20 to 80 years. 7.7% of the patients included in the study had loss of their implant. It was observed that 62.5% of the patients who presented loss of implants were women. Of the patients with missing implants, 75% were smokers and did not consume alcohol. On the other hand, in relation to periodontal disease only 31% presented disease. In relation to genotype, patients with lost implants had 50% of the mutated allele of the SNP TNFα rs1800629, while 50% of patients with periodontal disease were carriers of the mutated allele for SNP IL-10 rs1800896. On the other hand, considering the total population under study, 31.06% of the patients presented the genotypes with the genetic variation, AG+GG, of the IL10 rs1800896 gene; while 64.07% presented the AA and GA genotypes, (both with the mutated allele) of the TNF-α G308A rs1800629 gene. No significant association (p=0.3298) was observed between IL10 rs1800896 genotypes and periodontal disease; contrary to whether there was a significant relationship of this SNP with periodontal disease (p=0.0164). Conclusion: The polymorphisms evaluated were not predictive of the failure of dental implants. However, a significant association between periodontal disease and TNF-α rs1800629 genotype could be observed. It is noteworthy that this is the first study that describes the frequency of the SNPs studied in a population of Córdoba–Argentina.
Copyright (c) 2023 Alejandra Bono, Juan C. Ibanez, Mario Sezin, Mabel Brunotto http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Association of CCND1 Gene Polymorphism rs9344 with Grade and Invasion Degree of Colorectal Cancer at Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah Central General Hospital
The majority of colorectal cancer (CRC) are sporadic CRC that can be caused by genetic variations such as Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs). The CCND1 gene polymorphism rs9344 could involve at the beginning and the development of CRC. This study aimed to analyze the association between CCND1 gene polymorphism rs9344 with the grade and invasion degree of colorectal cancer in at Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah Central General Hospital, Denpasar, Bali. This cross-sectional study was carried out at the Integrated Biomedical Laboratory Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University. Data analysis of 32 samples showed majority age was above 50 years old as many as 28 (87.5%), with men as 21 samples (65.6%). Histopathology description was adenocarcinoma in 32 samples (100%). Grading histopathology low grade was 31 samples (96.6%). The degree of tumor invasion was high as 25 samples (78.1%). From the aspect of pathological stage pNx as much as 27 (84.4%). The majority location of tumors was on the left side as 21 samples (65.6%). The polymorphisms of CCND1 rs9344 genotype sequentially AA as 20 samples (62.5%), AG as 9 samples (28.1%), while GG as 3 samples (9.4%). The statistical analysis found that CCND1 gene polymorphism rs9344 was not associated with colorectal cancer grade (p>0.05), and not associated with invasion degrees of colorectal cancer (p>0.05). Taken together, we conclude that no significant association between the CCND1 gene polymorphism rs9344 with grade and invasion degree of colorectal cancer at Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah Central General Hospital, Denpasar, Bali.
Copyright (c) 2023 Nanang Masrani, Ni N. A. Dewi, Ni M. Linawati, Ni P. Ekawati, I Made Mulyawan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Molecular Detection of the Effect of Malaria Infection on Nutritional Status in Paediatrics Attending Primary Health Care Hospitals (PHC) Around Sokoto Metropolitan, Sokoto, Nigeria
Molecular diagnosis is now considered to be the most efficient and reliable method for detection of malaria parasites; hence the present research was designed to access the effect of malaria infection on the nutritional status of the pediatrics attending PHC in Sokoto, 400 children were recruited randomly, nutritional status was determined using mid-upper armed circumference (MUAC) tape, blood samples was collected then subjected to Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (nPCR) test. Out of 400 samples analyzed, 199/400 (49.75%) were acutely malnourished, 117/400 (44.25%) were normal and 84/400 (21.00%) were severely malnourished. Although 237 (59.25%,) were found positive for Plasmodium falciparum, those that are severely malnourished had the highest infection rate [78/84 (92.86%)] followed by those that are normal [124/199 (62.31%)] than those that were acutely malnourished [35/84 (41.67%)], a significant association was reported for those that are severely malnourished based on parent’s occupation (P=0.001), place of living (P=0.000), and sleeping under nets (P=0.012), there was also significant relationship in those that are normally based on gender (P=0.001), and sleeping under nets (P=0.021) only while those that were normal showed significant relationship based on sleeping under nets (P=0.001) and parents occupation (P=0.000). The high prevalence of malaria in the study demonstrates high sensitivity and specificity of molecular diagnosis. There is a need to embark on massive community campaigns and adoption of mosquito control measures in the study area.
Copyright (c) 2023 Jafaru Suleiman, Sani Y. Lema, Nike T. Isyaku http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Correlation between Loa Loa Infestation Prevalence and Eosinophil Rate among Population of Obout, Centre Region of Cameroon
Background: Loiasis remains a major public health concern in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) such as Cameroon. In Cameroon, the prevalence of loiasis varies from one geographical area to another. This study aimed to assess the correlation between Loa loa infestation prevalence and eosinophil rate among population of Obout, centre region of Cameroon. Methods: A cross-sectional and correlational study was conducted in Obout locality situated in Centre region of Cameroon from June to July 2022. Data were collected using a face-to-face interview questionnaire from participants attending the Christ Roi Medical Centre of Obout (CRMCO). In each participant, a venous blood sample was taken in an EDTA tube after informed consent was obtained. A Full blood count (FBC) and a blood smear were performed on each blood sample. The collected data were recorded in an Excel version 2016 sheet and analysed by statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) v. 24 software. For any value of p˂0.05, the results were considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 65 participants were enrolled in this study with a median age of 35 years (Interquartile Range [IQR]: 18-52). The prevalence of Loa loa infestation was 15.38% (95%CI: 7.63%–26.48%) with a high prevalence for males (33.33%) versus (vs.) 2.63% for females (OR= 18.50; 95%IC: 2.17–157.46, p=0.002). Similarly, a high prevalence of Loa loa infestation in participants aged ≥35 years or 27.27% (OR=0.08; 95%IC: 0.01–0.72, p=0.01). Concerning the duration in the locality, the participants with ≥10 years in the locality were more infested with 8.33% for those less than 10 years (p=0.15). Furthermore, the current study shows a positive correlation but weak between eosinophil rate and intensity of Loa loa infestation (r=0.3406; p=0.3). Conclusion: This study reported a high prevalence of Loa loa microfilaria in Obout locality with statistically significant differences for gender and age. However, no association was found between eosinophil and microfilarial load. Despite the low participation rate, Obout locality remains an area of high endemicity for Loa loa microfilaria.
Copyright (c) 2023 Nidelle Tchoupou, Christian Ngounouh Taheu, René Ghislain Essomba, David Normand Ebonda, Junior Michael Chadou Piameu, Albert Ngano Bayibeki, Pulchérie Ateba, Gilbert Gautier Bong Bong, Philippe Salomon Nguwoh http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Estimation and Evaluation of (Uric Acid, Glutathione, Ceroplasmin) and the Trace Elements (Iron, Copper, Zinc) Levels in Type_2 Diabetic Patients in Basrah Governorate-Iraq
Type 2 diabetes occurs mainly as a result of two interrelated problems Cells in the muscles, fat, and liver become insulin resistant, because the cells do not react in a normal way to insulin, they do not absorb enough sugar, and thus the pancreas becomes unable to secrete an adequate amount of insulin to control blood sugar levels. Since antioxidants and trace elements have a role in the treatment of diabetes by defending beta cells against oxidative stress, so the current research was conducted to find out the levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants (Uric acid, Glutathione, Ceruloplasmin) and some trace elements (Iron, Copper, Zinc) that act as antioxidants in serum of type 2 diabetic patients compared to healthy subjects in Basrah Governorate-Iraq by age. The number of patients in the study was (50) patients (26 males-24 females) and healthy subjects (43), including (11 males-32 females). It was found that there was a significant decrease at the level of significance (p<0.001) in the levels of each of (Glutathione, Ceruloplasmin, Iron and Zinc) in patients and healthy subjects and this decrease increased with age, while there was a significant increase at the level of significance (p<0.001) in the levels of (Uric acid and Copper) at patients and healthy subjects with age.
Copyright (c) 2023 Wasela I. A. Al-Zaid, Sahera G. Sayyah http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Potential Immunological Biomarker for Diagnosis and Prognosis of Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most common infectious diseases in the world, which has led to numerous deaths. Hence, developing an efficient diagnostic method is essential to monitor and control such deadly infectious diseases. In the current study, the serum levels of four inflammatory markers (CXCL10, CXCL9, suPAR, and MMP9) and the expression NF-κB gene were evaluated as potential immunological markers for diagnosis and prognosis of tuberculosis, using ELISA and qPCR technique respectively. Thirty new TB patients and equal numbers of under treatment TB patients and control (healthy people) were conscripted in this study. The results showed significant differences in the serum level of CXCL10 among the three groups (p value 0.003) and between new and under treatment patients (P value 0.004). A significant difference in the CXCL9 level in the serum was observed between the new TB patients and the healthy group with p value 0.028 but didn’t reach the significant level between the new and under treatment patients. The serum level of suPAR was higher in new patients (106.59pg/ml) followed by treated patients (89.66pg/ml) and lowest in healthy group (80.71pg/ml) but didn’t reach the significant level. Also, the serum level of MMP-9 did not show a significant difference between the tested groups, but it was slightly higher in new patients (21.45ng/ml) compared to the healthy group (20.70ng/ml). The amount of NF-κB gene expression was significantly higher in new patients (8.21-fold change) than in under treatment patients (2.95-fold change) in comparing with healthy people.
Copyright (c) 2023 Yassameen A. Hussain, Khairallah A. S. Mohammed, Naael H. Ali http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Biogenetic Markers for Predicting Response to Immunotherapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Background: TNF-α plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of RA. Gene polymorphisms occurring in this pro-inflammatory cytokine or their receptors may influence responses to biological therapy. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of -238G/A(rs361525), -308G/A(rs1800629), -376G/A(rs1800750), +489G/A(rs80267059) SNPs in TNF-α and +587T/G(rs1061622), +884A/G(rs5746032) SNPs in TNFRII genes on responsiveness to TNF inhibitors as well as their effect on serum levels of TNF-α and TNFRII. Subjects and methods: Sixty patients with RA treated with anti-TNF therapy (30 responders and 30 non-responders) were allocated to this study. SNPs in the TNF-α and TNFRII genes were studied by three different techniques: PCR-sequencing, PCR-RFLP, and q-PCR-TaqMan assay. TNF-α and TNFRII serum levels were determined using the ELISA technique. Results: TNF-α -308 (GA), +489 (GA), and TNFRII +587 (TG) genotypes were found to be more associated with non-responsiveness to TNF than homozygous genotypes (OR: 1.3, 2.5, and 2.0, respectively). On other hand, TNF-α -238 and -376 (GA) genotypes, were found to be more associated with TNFi responsiveness than homozygous genotypes (OR: 0.172 and 0.22, respectively). However, none of them reached a significant level. Furthermore, the studied SNPs were found to be unrelated to serum levels of TNF-α and TNFRII. Conclusion: According to our findings, the TNF-α -238G/A, -308G/A, -376G/A, +489G/A, and TNFRII +587T/G, +884A/G SNPs were not significantly associated with the responsiveness of RA patients to biological therapy and had no effect on the serum levels of TNF-α and TNFR.
single nucleotide polymorphisms pharmacogenetics
Copyright (c) 2023 Sara H. Jabbar, Khairallah A.S Mohammed, Naael H. Ali http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Oxidative Stress Marker Malondialdehyde and Glutathione Antioxidant in Hypertensive Patients
The study included measuring the average concentration of Malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione for hypertensive patients in Iraq, specifically Basra Governorate, where the study group reached 50 patients (26males and 24 females), and the patients were divided according to age, gender, family history, period of illness, medication, and diet in comparison. With 40 healthy cases (19males and 21 females) as a control group. The results of the study showed a significant increase in lipid peroxide measured by (MDA) in the serum of hypertensive patients at a significant level (P<0.0001) compared with the control group. Also, its level increased significantly at (P<0.0001) with advancing age and according to the sex factor among the study group. And its level increased significantly at the level of significance (P<0.05) with the length of the disease period. The results also did not show significant differences for patients who have a family history, patients who are being treated with antihypertensive drugs, and patients who adhere to a healthy diet. The results also showed a significant decrease in the average concentration of (GSH) as an antioxidant at a level (P<0.0001) in the blood of hypertensive patients compared to the control group. This decline increases with age and in both sexes, males, and females. While the results did not show significant differences in the level of (GSH) in patients who have a family history, length of illness, medication, and adherence to a healthy diet. Moreover, a negative correlation was observed between the level of (GSH) and the level of (MDA) in the study group .We conclude through the results of the study that the presence of a defect in patients in the rate of concentration of (GSH) indicates an increase in free radicals, and that an increase in the level of (MDA) indicates an increase in the active types of (ROS), and this increase accompanies a decrease in antioxidants such as (GSH).
Copyright (c) 2023 Ayat A. Hassan, Sahera G. Sayyah http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Ethanol Extract of Tangse Liberica Coffee (Coffea liberica) Inhibited the Reduction of Leydig Cell Number and Testosterone Levels in Male Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Exposed to Ultraviolet B Light
Background: Aging is a complex mechanism related to various factors including free radicals. Free radicals that occur due to exposure to ultraviolet light can cause oxidative stress and damage the spermatogenesis process, including Leydig cells and testosterone. Therefore, antioxidants play a very important role in inhibiting these reactions, which are abundant in coffee. This study aimed to analyze the effect of the ethanol extract of Tangse liberica coffee (Coffea liberica) in inhibiting the decrease in Leydig cell number and testosterone levels in male Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) rats exposed to Ultraviolet B light. Methods: This study includes a post-test-only control group type of laboratory experimental study. The research group was divided into three groups, namely positive control (without giving coffee), treatment 1 (giving coffee extract 216 mg/kgBW), and treatment 2 (giving coffee extract 432 mg/kg BW). A total of 30 rats were used in this study and exposed to UV-B 0.225 MW/cm² 8 hours per day for 28 days. Testosterone assessment was carried out by examining blood specimens and Leydig cell counts were carried out histologically with Hematoxylin-Eosin staining. One-way ANOVA analysis and Kruskal Wallis test followed by post hoc test were performed in this study with a significance level of 95%. Results: The result showed a significant difference in the number of Leydig cells between the study groups (p = 0.016) with the highest mean in group 1, 48.27 9.12 cells/LFoV. The same thing also happened to the difference in testosterone levels between groups (p < 0.001) with the most dominant mean in treatment group 2 being 76.42 nmol/L. Conclusion: The conclusion of this research is the administration of the ethanol extract of Tangse liberica coffee (Coffea liberica) can inhibit the decrease in Leydig cells number and testosterone levels in male Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) rats exposed to Ultraviolet B light.
Ethanol extract, leydig cells, tangse liberica coffee, testosterone, ultraviolet B
Copyright (c) 2022 Dhea Frisilla, Wimpie Pangkahila, Agus Eka Darwinata http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
A Synchronous Blind Test and Methodological Comparison Between Colloidal Gold Rapid Test vs RT-PCR For Sars-Cov-2 Detection
Background: The current pandemic due to novel SARS-CoV-2 virus dramatically affected health care systems and public health worldwide. The present study aimed to evaluate two analytical methods, colloidal gold antigen rapid test vs reference PCR for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. The patients enrolled in the trial were admitted at the emergency department of a tertiary care hospital, with symptoms of suspected COVID-19 disease. Methods: A total of 300 patients participated in the study. Patients’ age, gender and result from the Colloidal antigen rapid test were recorded. PCR detection for SARS-CoV-2 was then applied, according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Statistical analysis of all collected data was performed for sensitivity, specificity, ROC curves, PV+, PV- and Cohen’s kappa coefficient. McNemar’s chi-squared test and p-values were also tested. Results: A p-value=0.045 from McNemar’s chi-squared test for CI 95% was observed, so H0 marginally is not rejected. The sensitivity of colloidal gold antigen rapid test was 79%, the specificity 96%, PV+89%, PV-91% and the kappa coefficient=0.79 (>0.5) that correlates to substantial agreement according to Cohen’s Kappa interpretation. Conclusions: Through the methodological comparisons and according to WHO guidelines for the sensitivity, specificity and kappa coefficient that correlates to substantial agreement the Colloidal Gold Antigen Rapid Test for SARS-CoV-2 meet the needs of clinical test in the emergency unit playing an important role in the context of mass patient screening and screening in remote areas.
Antigen Rapid Test, COVID-19, ECDC, kappa coefficient, PCR, ROC curves, SARS-CoV-2, sensitivity, specificity, WHO.
Copyright (c) 2022 Antonia Mourtzikou, Dimitrios Tsiftsis, Maria Agrogianni, Nikolaos Kasimatis, Anthoula Dritsa, Marilena Stamouli, Panagiotis Koumpouros, Christina Seitopoulou, Elpida Toka http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
First Detection of KRAS Mutation in Colorectal Cancer Patients in Côte d’Ivoire
Advances in molecular biology tools have made it possible to make progress in terms of therapeutics by acting specifically on the molecular mechanisms involved in the virulence of pathogens or in the development of the disease. In the case of cancer, new therapeutics have been developed thanks to these advances. This is called targeted therapy. Targeted therapy molecules specifically act as a molecule, or a molecular pathway involved in the development of the tumor. The use of targeted therapy drugs therefore requires molecular characterization of tumors. In developing countries, the reference tool is high-throughput sequencing, but due to the high cost, this strategy remains inaccessible for the majority of African populations. It is remains necessary to implement alternative molecular diagnostic tools in order to reduce the disparities currently observed in access to cancer care. The High-Resolution Melting analysis (HRM) method is based on real-time PCR and is described as a simple, rapid and specific method for the detection of somatic mutations predictive of anti-tumor therapeutic response. We demonstrated in this study that this method could be implemented in a lower middle-income country like Côte d’Ivoire, and we used it to detect KRAS mutations in colorectal cancer patients for the first time in Cote d’Ivoire.
cancer, Côte d’Ivoire, KRAS gene mutations, molecular diagnosis, PCR-HRM.
Copyright (c) 2022 Tata G. S. Coulibaly, Valérie M. Gbonon, Akandji Osseni, Flore B. Diplo, David N. Coulibaly, Aboubacar Sylla, Solange K. Ngazoa, Moktar Toure, Mireille Dosso http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Analytical Procedure for Determination of Lead in Blood and Urine by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Lead is one of the natural constituents of earth found in soils, plants, and water. Lead predominantly a concern for neurological toxic effect particularly in children due to its irreversible neurological damage. The common spectroscopic methods in trace element analysis in biological fluids are dithizone extraction, polarography, spectral analysis, atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. A graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer is a valuable, simpler, and cost-effective spectrometric technique for the identification of lead absorbance in the human system. The GF-AAS method can be employed for the measurement of lead percentage in whole blood and urine, and the results acquired are helpful in biological monitoring and clinical diagnostic of work related to surrounding lead exposure. The paper reports the average lead concentration, and calibration graphs for standards as well as absorbance against lead concentration, which will be productive in future for analytical determination of lead in blood and urine.
analytical method, atomic absorption spectroscopy, blood, graphite furnace, lead, trace elements, urine.
Copyright (c) 2022 Abdul Moiz Mohammed http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0